A Brief History of The Human Race

This book by Michael Cook should have been written in 1950 so I could have learned to love the subject of history in my youth, as my father vainly urged me.

It provides what I had often longed for: a general framework, with big boxes for subject areas, into which I could logically put, for later intelligent retrieval, the endless streams of information we students were supposed to memorize for reasons and purposes never clear to me.

The book is organized into four major parts:

  1. Why is History the Way It Is?
  2. The Smaller Continents
  3. The Eurasian Landmass
  4. Toward One World? “Modern humans—in the sense of people anatomically indistinguishable from us—date back a good 130,000 years, and perhaps considerably longer.”

From “Human Evolution: A start for population genomics” by S. Blair Hedges; Published in Nature, 7 December 2000

I was reminded of the following video I recently saved, in that the book gives one a dynamic view of the ebb and flow of peoples, cultures and events that influenced our arrival at this point in world history: Imperial History of the Middle East

Throughout the book the author pauses briefly to ask rhetorical questions, and answers them clearly, entertainingly and usefully:

  • Why did history happen when it did? Why has it all been packed in the last 10,000 years?
  • Did humans make the only kind of history they could?
  • Why did events and significant changes in human populations happen when they did? Could they have happened differently?

My wish that this book should have been written in 1950 could not possibly have been fulfilled. Much of the scientific research and findings currently available to the author was not available then, especially within the sciences of human, and even animal genetics. But it is available now to suffering students in high school and college, or university. It certainly is also for those whose love of history is already established.

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About Afghanistan

In the summer of 2005 I spent 30 days in four provinces of Afghanistan as an unpaid consultant to a non-profit organization, The Swedish Committee for Afghanistan. The financing for this consultation (travel expense, primarily) was provided by the Stockholm-Kista Rotary Club, and my own club, the Rotary Club of Stockholm International.

Concurrent with my private report to The Committee, I wrote a personal journal and, of course, took pictures that can be seen here, along with some accompanying narrative.

Over the Hindu Kush, from Kabul to Kunduz. Please click on the image.

What brings me again to the subject, 2½ years later, is a lecture I attended given by SIRAP, the Stockholm International Researchers Association (SIRAP). The speaker was Tim Foxley, currently a Guest Researcher at Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). He is on a 15 month sabbatical from his previous work as an Afghan political/military analyst in the UK government. In 2006 he spent April to August as an analyst in the international military headquarters in Kabul. He chose Sweden for his career break as he had a pregnant Swedish partner (and the couple now has a beautiful child). At SIPRI he recently researched and wrote a paper entitled: “The Taliban’s propaganda activities: how well is the Afghan insurgency communicating and what is it saying?” [Click here for Tim’s blog on Afghanistan]. Tim’s address to SIRAP was entitled “Afghanistan: Past, Present and Future?”

Tim Foxley in Afghanistan

Tim’s talk to SIRAP gave us a historical review of the politics and warfare that have beset this region for millennia due, in no small part, to its location as a crossroads between countries, armies and empires at all points of Afghanistan’s compass. In addition, the geography has great influence on the people, given the “Hindu Kush” (Hindu killer) mountains extend from China well into the heart of the country, essentially dividing it into two major regions, north and southeast; and a third region to the west and south where the mountains peter out into what is mostly desert.

The most salient question in the present and for the future of Afghanistan is the attempted resurgence of the Taleban. According to Tim and other sources, the attempts of the Taleban are not well coordinated, but they are persistent and the response from the central government is likewise, apparently, uncoordinated and unfocused, especially in the realm of propaganda and information (take your pick). Afghans, with centuries of conflict between and among external and internal entities, have learned to side with the strongest (or those who seem to be gaining the ascendancy in a conflict) so they can go about with their daily struggle for survival and dealing with personal and family matters.

Water vendor, Kunduz, June 2005

Tim discussed other matters concerning the role of the central government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the various ethnic and religious groups. The concluding paragraphs of my journal of July, 2005, still seem apt:

“A final observation: Kabul seems to be a city-state that lies within Afghanistan, the country. There is great energy and ambition and many dreams of progress in Kabul, but the rest of the country abides in its rural pace, not greatly affected, in the short term, by the pace of the capital city … How to bring the advantages of western ways to a country that has its own useful and traditional ways without harming the fabric of society? What a great challenge!

In one or two generations we will see a healthy, educated and economically vibrant Afghanistan, Inshallah.”

A complete copy of my personal journal can be downloaded from here: Afghan Journal-R.Pavellas-2005

Afghanistan References:

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